{"id":12589,"date":"2025-08-14T09:08:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T09:08:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=12589"},"modified":"2025-08-14T09:08:19","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T09:08:19","slug":"openzeppelin-contractss-bytess-lastindexof-function-with-position-argument-performs-out-of-bound-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589","title":{"rendered":"OpenZeppelin Contracts&#8217;s Bytes&#8217;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Starting in version 5.2.0 and prior to version 5.4.0, the `lastIndexOf(bytes,byte,uint256)` function of the `Bytes.sol` library may access uninitialized memory when the following two conditions hold: 1) the provided buffer length is empty (i.e. `buffer.length == 0`) and position is not `2**256 &#8211; 1` (i.e. `pos != type(uint256).max`). The `pos` argument could be used to access arbitrary data outside of the buffer bounds. This could lead to the operation running out of gas, or returning an invalid index (outside of the empty buffer). Processing this invalid result for accessing the `buffer` would cause a revert under normal conditions. When triggered, the function reads memory at offset `buffer + 0x20 + pos`. If memory at that location (outside the\u00a0`buffer`) matches the search pattern, the function would return an out of bound index instead of the expected `type(uint256).max`. This creates unexpected behavior where callers receive a valid-looking index pointing outside buffer bounds. Subsequent memory accesses that don&#8217;t check bounds and use the returned index must carefully review the potential impact depending on their setup. Code relying on this function returning `type(uint256).max` for empty buffers or using the returned index without bounds checking could exhibit undefined behavior. Users should upgrade to version 5.4.0 to receive a patch.&#8221;,&#8221;published&#8221;:&#8221;2025-07-17T18:25:02.492Z&#8221;,&#8221;modified&#8221;:&#8221;2025-07-17T20:28:13.310Z&#8221;,&#8221;type&#8221;:&#8221;cve&#8221;,&#8221;title&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin Contracts&#8217;s Bytes&#8217;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers&#8221;,&#8221;source&#8221;:&#8221;GitHub_M&#8221;,&#8221;references&#8221;:&#8221;https:\/\/github.com\/OpenZeppelin\/openzeppelin-contracts\/security\/advisories\/GHSA-9rcw-c2f9-2j55\\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/OpenZeppelin\/openzeppelin-contracts\/releases\/tag\/v5.4.0&#8243;,&#8221;id&#8221;:&#8221;CVE-2025-54070&#8243;,&#8221;bulletinFamily&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;cwe&#8221;:[&#8220;CWE-125&#8243;],&#8221;cvelist&#8221;:null,&#8221;sourceData&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin openzeppelin-contracts \\u003e= 5.2.0, \\u003c 5.4.0&#8243;,&#8221;sourceHref&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;cvss&#8221;:{&#8220;score&#8221;:6.9,&#8221;severity&#8221;:&#8221;MEDIUM&#8221;,&#8221;vector&#8221;:&#8221;CVSS:4.0\/AV:N\/AC:L\/AT:N\/PR:N\/UI:N\/VC:N\/VI:L\/VA:L\/SC:N\/SI:N\/SA:N&#8221;,&#8221;version&#8221;:&#8221;4.0&#8243;},&#8221;cvss2&#8243;:{},&#8221;cvss3&#8243;:{&#8220;version&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;vectorString&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;baseScore&#8221;:0,&#8221;baseSeverity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackVector&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackComplexity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;privilegesRequired&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;userInteraction&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;scope&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;confidentialityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;integrityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;availabilityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;cvssV3&#8243;:{&#8220;version&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;vectorString&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;baseScore&#8221;:0,&#8221;baseSeverity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackVector&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackComplexity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;privilegesRequired&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;userInteraction&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;scope&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;confidentialityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;integrityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;availabilityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;}},&#8221;href&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;category_name&#8221;:&#8221;CVE&#8221;,&#8221;post_link&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;product&#8221;:&#8221;openzeppelin-contracts&#8221;,&#8221;version&#8221;:&#8221;\\u003e= 5.2.0, \\u003c 5.4.0&#8243;,&#8221;vendor&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin&#8221;,&#8221;ai_description&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_severity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_vendor&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_product&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_version&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_score&#8221;:0}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Starting in version 5.2.0 and prior to version 5.4.0, the `lastIndexOf(bytes,byte,uint256)` function of the `Bytes.sol`&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[6,8,48,12,21,13,7,11,5],"class_list":["post-12589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-category_cve","tag-cve","tag-cvss","tag-cvss-69","tag-exploit","tag-medium","tag-news","tag-security","tag-tapic","tag-vulnerability"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>OpenZeppelin Contracts&#039;s Bytes&#039;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070 - zero redgem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OpenZeppelin Contracts&#039;s Bytes&#039;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070 - zero redgem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Starting in version 5.2.0 and prior to version 5.4.0, the `lastIndexOf(bytes,byte,uint256)` function of the `Bytes.sol`...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"zero redgem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-14T09:08:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"invoker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"invoker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"invoker\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca\"},\"headline\":\"OpenZeppelin Contracts&#8217;s Bytes&#8217;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-14T09:08:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589\"},\"wordCount\":392,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"CVE\",\"CVSS\",\"CVSS-6.9\",\"exploit\",\"MEDIUM\",\"news\",\"Security\",\"tapic\",\"Vulnerability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"category_cve\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589\",\"name\":\"OpenZeppelin Contracts's Bytes's lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070 - zero redgem\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-14T09:08:19+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=12589#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"OpenZeppelin Contracts&#8217;s Bytes&#8217;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\",\"name\":\"zero redgem\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"zero redgem\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"width\":191,\"height\":188,\"caption\":\"zero redgem\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca\",\"name\":\"invoker\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"invoker\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"OpenZeppelin Contracts's Bytes's lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070 - zero redgem","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"OpenZeppelin Contracts's Bytes's lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070 - zero redgem","og_description":"{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Starting in version 5.2.0 and prior to version 5.4.0, the `lastIndexOf(bytes,byte,uint256)` function of the `Bytes.sol`...","og_url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589","og_site_name":"zero redgem","article_published_time":"2025-08-14T09:08:19+00:00","author":"invoker","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"invoker","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589"},"author":{"name":"invoker","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/person\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca"},"headline":"OpenZeppelin Contracts&#8217;s Bytes&#8217;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070","datePublished":"2025-08-14T09:08:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589"},"wordCount":392,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization"},"keywords":["CVE","CVSS","CVSS-6.9","exploit","MEDIUM","news","Security","tapic","Vulnerability"],"articleSection":["category_cve"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589","name":"OpenZeppelin Contracts's Bytes's lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070 - zero redgem","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-08-14T09:08:19+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=12589#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"OpenZeppelin Contracts&#8217;s Bytes&#8217;s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers_CVE-2025-54070"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/","name":"zero redgem","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization","name":"zero redgem","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","width":191,"height":188,"caption":"zero redgem"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/person\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca","name":"invoker","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"invoker"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net"],"url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12589"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12589\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}