{"id":17480,"date":"2025-09-15T14:49:51","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T14:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=17480"},"modified":"2025-09-15T14:49:51","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T14:49:51","slug":"debug442-contains-malware-after-npm-account-takeover","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480","title":{"rendered":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker&#8217;s own addresses from within browser environments. Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct \\u003cscript\\u003e inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt. The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets such as MetaMask. npm removed the offending package from the registry over the course of the day on 8 September, preventing further downloads from npm proper. On 13 September, the package owner published new patch versions to help cache-bust those using private registries who might still have the compromised version cached. Users should upgrade to the latest patch version, completely remove their node_modules directory, clean their package manager&#8217;s global cache, and rebuild any browser bundles from scratch. Those operating private registries or registry mirrors should purge the offending versions from any caches. This issue has been resolved in 4.4.3.&#8221;,&#8221;published&#8221;:&#8221;2025-09-15T19:10:04.053Z&#8221;,&#8221;modified&#8221;:&#8221;2025-09-15T19:46:39.190Z&#8221;,&#8221;type&#8221;:&#8221;cve&#8221;,&#8221;title&#8221;:&#8221;debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover&#8221;,&#8221;source&#8221;:&#8221;GitHub_M&#8221;,&#8221;references&#8221;:&#8221;https:\/\/github.com\/debug-js\/debug\/security\/advisories\/GHSA-4&#215;49-vf9v-38px\\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/debug-js\/debug\/issues\/1005\\nhttps:\/\/socket.dev\/blog\/npm-author-qix-compromised-in-major-supply-chain-attack\\nhttps:\/\/www.aikido.dev\/blog\/npm-debug-and-chalk-packages-compromised\\nhttps:\/\/www.ox.security\/blog\/npm-packages-compromised&#8221;,&#8221;id&#8221;:&#8221;CVE-2025-59144&#8243;,&#8221;bulletinFamily&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;cwe&#8221;:[&#8220;CWE-506&#8243;],&#8221;cvelist&#8221;:null,&#8221;sourceData&#8221;:&#8221;debug-js debug = 4.4.2&#8243;,&#8221;sourceHref&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;cvss&#8221;:{&#8220;score&#8221;:8.8,&#8221;severity&#8221;:&#8221;HIGH&#8221;,&#8221;vector&#8221;:&#8221;CVSS:4.0\/AV:N\/AC:L\/AT:N\/PR:N\/UI:N\/VC:L\/VI:H\/VA:N\/SC:N\/SI:N\/SA:N\/E:A\/U:Red&#8221;,&#8221;version&#8221;:&#8221;4.0&#8243;},&#8221;cvss2&#8243;:{},&#8221;cvss3&#8243;:{&#8220;version&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;vectorString&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;baseScore&#8221;:0,&#8221;baseSeverity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackVector&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackComplexity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;privilegesRequired&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;userInteraction&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;scope&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;confidentialityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;integrityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;availabilityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;cvssV3&#8243;:{&#8220;version&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;vectorString&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;baseScore&#8221;:0,&#8221;baseSeverity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackVector&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;attackComplexity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;privilegesRequired&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;userInteraction&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;scope&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;confidentialityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;integrityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;availabilityImpact&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;}},&#8221;href&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;category_name&#8221;:&#8221;CVE&#8221;,&#8221;post_link&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;product&#8221;:&#8221;debug&#8221;,&#8221;version&#8221;:&#8221;= 4.4.2&#8243;,&#8221;vendor&#8221;:&#8221;debug-js&#8221;,&#8221;ai_description&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_severity&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_vendor&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_product&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_version&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;ai_score&#8221;:0}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[6,8,41,12,15,13,7,11,5],"class_list":["post-17480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-category_cve","tag-cve","tag-cvss","tag-cvss-88","tag-exploit","tag-high","tag-news","tag-security","tag-tapic","tag-vulnerability"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144 - zero redgem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144 - zero redgem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"zero redgem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-15T14:49:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"invoker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"invoker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"invoker\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca\"},\"headline\":\"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-15T14:49:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480\"},\"wordCount\":382,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"CVE\",\"CVSS\",\"CVSS-8.8\",\"exploit\",\"HIGH\",\"news\",\"Security\",\"tapic\",\"Vulnerability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"category_cve\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480\",\"name\":\"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144 - zero redgem\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-15T14:49:51+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=17480#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\",\"name\":\"zero redgem\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"zero redgem\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"width\":191,\"height\":188,\"caption\":\"zero redgem\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca\",\"name\":\"invoker\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"invoker\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144 - zero redgem","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144 - zero redgem","og_description":"{&#8220;lastseen&#8221;:&#8221;&#8221;,&#8221;description&#8221;:&#8221;debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2...","og_url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480","og_site_name":"zero redgem","article_published_time":"2025-09-15T14:49:51+00:00","author":"invoker","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"invoker","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480"},"author":{"name":"invoker","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/person\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca"},"headline":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144","datePublished":"2025-09-15T14:49:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480"},"wordCount":382,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization"},"keywords":["CVE","CVSS","CVSS-8.8","exploit","HIGH","news","Security","tapic","Vulnerability"],"articleSection":["category_cve"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480","name":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144 - zero redgem","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-09-15T14:49:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=17480#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover_CVE-2025-59144"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/","name":"zero redgem","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization","name":"zero redgem","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","width":191,"height":188,"caption":"zero redgem"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/person\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca","name":"invoker","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"invoker"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net"],"url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17480\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}