{"id":26772,"date":"2025-11-18T17:28:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T17:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=26772"},"modified":"2025-11-18T17:28:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T17:28:25","slug":"improper-certificate-based-authentication-enforcement-in-multiple-wso2-products","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772","title":{"rendered":"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312"},"content":{"rendered":"

{“lastseen”:””,”description”:”A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate\u2013based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication.\\n\\nSuccessful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.”,”published”:”2025-11-18T12:05:22.207Z”,”modified”:”2025-11-18T17:38:15.686Z”,”type”:”cve”,”title”:”Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products”,”source”:”WSO2″,”references”:”https:\/\/security.docs.wso2.com\/en\/latest\/security-announcements\/security-advisories\/2025\/WSO2-2025-4494\/”,”id”:”CVE-2025-9312″,”bulletinFamily”:””,”cwe”:[“CWE-306″],”cvelist”:null,”sourceData”:”WSO2 WSO2 API Manager 2.2.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 2.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 2.6.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 3.0.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 3.1.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 3.2.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 3.2.1\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 4.0.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 4.1.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 4.2.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 4.3.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 4.4.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Manager 4.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane 4.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager 4.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway 4.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.3.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.6.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.7.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.9.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.10.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.2.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.3.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.4.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.4.1\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.6.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.7.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.8.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.9.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.10.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.11.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 6.0.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 6.1.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 7.0.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 7.1.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Open Banking KM 1.4.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Open Banking KM 1.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM 1.4.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM 1.5.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM 2.0.0\\nWSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM 2.0.0\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.1.1\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.1.16\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.1.18\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.1.20\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.1.26\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.3.6\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.4.0\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.4.25\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.4.52\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.6.1\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.7.1\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.8.11\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.8.41\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.9.4\\nWSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.9.18″,”sourceHref”:””,”cvss”:{“score”:9.8,”severity”:”CRITICAL”,”vector”:”CVSS:3.1\/AV:N\/AC:L\/PR:N\/UI:N\/S:U\/C:H\/I:H\/A:H”,”version”:”3.1″},”cvss2″:{},”cvss3″:{“version”:””,”vectorString”:””,”baseScore”:0,”baseSeverity”:””,”attackVector”:””,”attackComplexity”:””,”privilegesRequired”:””,”userInteraction”:””,”scope”:””,”confidentialityImpact”:””,”integrityImpact”:””,”availabilityImpact”:””,”cvssV3″:{“version”:””,”vectorString”:””,”baseScore”:0,”baseSeverity”:””,”attackVector”:””,”attackComplexity”:””,”privilegesRequired”:””,”userInteraction”:””,”scope”:””,”confidentialityImpact”:””,”integrityImpact”:””,”availabilityImpact”:””}},”href”:””,”category_name”:”CVE”,”post_link”:””,”product”:”WSO2 API Manager”,”version”:”0″,”vendor”:”WSO2″,”ai_description”:”AI processing failed – no valid JSON found”,”ai_severity”:””,”ai_vendor”:””,”ai_product”:””,”ai_version”:””,”ai_score”:0}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

{“lastseen”:””,”description”:”A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[9,6,8,35,12,13,7,11,5],"class_list":["post-26772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-category_cve","tag-critical","tag-cve","tag-cvss","tag-cvss-98","tag-exploit","tag-news","tag-security","tag-tapic","tag-vulnerability"],"yoast_head":"\nImproper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312 - zero redgem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312 - zero redgem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"{“lastseen”:””,”description”:”A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"zero redgem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-18T17:28:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"invoker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"invoker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"invoker\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca\"},\"headline\":\"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-18T17:28:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772\"},\"wordCount\":597,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"CRITICAL\",\"CVE\",\"CVSS\",\"CVSS-9.8\",\"exploit\",\"news\",\"Security\",\"tapic\",\"Vulnerability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"category_cve\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772\",\"name\":\"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312 - zero redgem\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-18T17:28:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?p=26772#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\",\"name\":\"zero redgem\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"zero redgem\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"width\":191,\"height\":188,\"caption\":\"zero redgem\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca\",\"name\":\"invoker\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"invoker\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zero.redgem.net\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312 - zero redgem","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312 - zero redgem","og_description":"{“lastseen”:””,”description”:”A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due...","og_url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772","og_site_name":"zero redgem","article_published_time":"2025-11-18T17:28:25+00:00","author":"invoker","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"invoker","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772"},"author":{"name":"invoker","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/person\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca"},"headline":"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312","datePublished":"2025-11-18T17:28:25+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772"},"wordCount":597,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization"},"keywords":["CRITICAL","CVE","CVSS","CVSS-9.8","exploit","news","Security","tapic","Vulnerability"],"articleSection":["category_cve"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772","name":"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312 - zero redgem","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-11-18T17:28:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?p=26772#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products_CVE-2025-9312"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/","name":"zero redgem","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#organization","name":"zero redgem","url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","width":191,"height":188,"caption":"zero redgem"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/#\/schema\/person\/fbfeae8dfad117ac08a7621bee1a1dca","name":"invoker","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f17c01d7338e6932bcde121cf83569393df3374625d25afd62677cfb528f2e3e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"invoker"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/zero.redgem.net"],"url":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26772\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zero.redgem.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}