Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup

8.1 / 10

HIGH

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N

Description

In affected versions, vulnerability-lookup did not track or limit failed
One-Time Password (OTP) attempts during Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
verification. An attacker who already knew or guessed a valid username
and password could submit an arbitrary number of OTP codes without
causing the account to be locked or generating any specific alert for
administrators.

This lack of rate-limiting and lockout on OTP failures significantly
lowers the cost of online brute-force attacks against 2FA codes and
increases the risk of successful account takeover, especially if OTP
entropy is reduced (e.g. short numeric codes, user reuse, or predictable
tokens). Additionally, administrators had no direct visibility into
accounts experiencing repeated 2FA failures, making targeted attacks
harder to detect and investigate.

The patch introduces a persistent failed_otp_attempts counter on user
accounts, locks the user after 5 invalid OTP submissions, resets the
counter on successful verification, and surfaces failed 2FA attempts in
the admin user list. This enforces an account lockout policy for OTP
brute-force attempts and improves monitoring capabilities for suspicious
2FA activity.This issue affects Vulnerability-Lookup: before 2.18.0.

Basic Information

ID CVE-2025-42615

Source ENISA

Published Dec 8, 2025 at 12:01

Affected Product

Vendor CIRCL

Product Vulnerability-Lookup

Affected Versions CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup 0

CWE Classification

CWE-307

References

vulnerability.circl.lu /vuln/gcve-1-2025-0033

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    "description": "In affected versions, vulnerability-lookup did not track or limit failed\n One-Time Password (OTP) attempts during Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)\n verification. An attacker who already knew or guessed a valid username \nand password could submit an arbitrary number of OTP codes without \ncausing the account to be locked or generating any specific alert for \nadministrators.\n\n\nThis lack of rate-limiting and lockout on OTP failures significantly \nlowers the cost of online brute-force attacks against 2FA codes and \nincreases the risk of successful account takeover, especially if OTP \nentropy is reduced (e.g. short numeric codes, user reuse, or predictable\n tokens). Additionally, administrators had no direct visibility into \naccounts experiencing repeated 2FA failures, making targeted attacks \nharder to detect and investigate.\n\n\nThe patch introduces a persistent failed_otp_attempts counter on user \naccounts, locks the user after 5 invalid OTP submissions, resets the \ncounter on successful verification, and surfaces failed 2FA attempts in \nthe admin user list. This enforces an account lockout policy for OTP \nbrute-force attempts and improves monitoring capabilities for suspicious\n 2FA activity.This issue affects Vulnerability-Lookup: before 2.18.0.",
    "published": "2025-12-08T12:01:05.831Z",
    "modified": "2025-12-08T12:01:05.831Z",
    "type": "cve",
    "title": "Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup",
    "source": "ENISA",
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Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup_CVE-2025-42615